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Once upon a time, there was a
beautiful princess named Kadita.
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Because of her beauty she was
called Dewi Srengenge which mean The beautiful sun.
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Her father was King Munding Wangi.
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Although he had a beautiful
daughter he always unhappy because he always expected to have a son.
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The King decided to merry Dewi
Mutiara, and he had a son from her.
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He was very happy.
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Dewi Mutiara wanted her son to
become a king in the future so she must make sure for it.
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Dewi mutiara came to the king and
asked him to send away his daughter.
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Of course, the king did not agree.
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“It is ridiculous, I will
not allow any body doing such cruel thing to my daughter”, said King Munding
Wangi.
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When she heard the answer, Dewi
mutiara smiled and said a sweet thing until the king has not anger anymore.
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However, she kept her bad
intention deep in her heart.
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In the morning before the sun
raised, Dewi Mutiara sent her maid to call a black magician.
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She wanted the black magician to
curse Kadita, her step daughter.
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” I want her beautiful body full
with scabies and itch.
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If you succeeded I will reward you
with the present you never thought before”.
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The black magician did the queen
order, in the night Kadita body has been full with scabies and itch.
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When She waked up , she found her
body was smell stinky and have a ulcer all over her body.
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The beautiful princess cried and
did not know what to do.
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When The King heard he was very
sad, he invited many physician to cure her daughter illness.
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Day by the day nobody could cure
her daughter.
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He realized that her daughter
illness it was not a ordinary illness someone must send a curse or magic
spell.
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His problem became more difficult
when the Queen Dewi Mutiara forced him to send away her daughter.
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“Your daughter will bring a bad
luck to whole country, said Dewi Mutiara.
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The king did not want her daughter
become a bad rumour in whole country.
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Finally he must agree to send her
only daughter to leave the country.
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The poor princess went alone, she
didn’t know to where she should go.
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She almost could not cry anymore.
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She had a nobble heart.
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She did not have any bad feeling
with her step mother, instead she always asked the God to accompany her
passed her suffer.
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Almost seven day and seven night
she has walked until she came to south ocean.
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She looked at the ocean.
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It was so clean and clear,
unlike other ocean which have a blue or green colour.
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She jumped onto the water and
swim.
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Suddenly when the south ocean
water touched her skin there was a miracle happened.
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Her ulcer has gone and there was
no sign that she has ever had a scabies or itch.
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Even more she became more
beautiful than before.
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Not only that she has a power to
command whole of the south ocean.
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Now she became a fairy called Nyi
Roro Kidul or The Queen of South Ocean who lived forever.
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Rabu, 22 Oktober 2014
nyi roro kidul story
Lexical chunk
A lexical chunk is a
group of words that are commonly found together. Lexical chunks include
collocations but these usually just involve content words, not grammar. 'Lexical chunk' is an umbrella term
which includes all the other terms. We define a lexical chunk as any pair or
group of words which is commonly found together, or in close proximity.
'Collocation' is also included in the term 'lexical chunk', but we refer to it separately from time to time, so we define it as a pair of lexical content words commonly found together. Following this definition, 'basic' + 'principles' is a collocation, but 'look' + 'at' is not because it combines a lexical content word and a grammar function word. Identifying chunks and collocations is often a question of intuition, unless you have access to a corpus.
Here are some examples.
Lexical Chunks (that are not collocations)
by the way
up to now
upside down
If I were you
a long way off
out of my mind
Lexical Chunks (that are collocations)
totally convinced
strong accent
terrible accident
sense of humour
sounds exciting
brings good luck
Principle 1- Grammaticalised lexis
In recent years it has been recognised both that native speakers have a vast stock of these lexical chunks and that these lexical chunks are vital for fluent production. Fluency does not depend so much on having a set of generative grammar rules and a separate stock of words - the 'slot and filler' or open choice principle - as on having rapid access to a stock of chunks:
"It is our ability to use lexical phrases that helps us to speak with fluency. This prefabricated speech has both the advantages of more efficient retrieval and of permitting speakers (and learners) to direct their attention to the larger structure of the discourse, rather than keeping it narrowly focused on individual words as they are produced" (Nattinger and DeCarrico 1992).
The basic principle of the lexical approach, then, is: "Language is grammaticalised lexis, not lexicalised grammar"(Lewis 1993). In other words, lexis is central in creating meaning, grammar plays a subservient managerial role. If you accept this principle then the logical implication is that we should spend more time helping learners develop their stock of phrases, and less time on grammatical structures.
Let's look at an example of lexical chunks or prefabricated speech in action:
Chris: Carlos tells me Naomi fancies him.
Ivor: It's just a figment of his imagination.
According to the theory we have just outlined, it is not the case that Ivor has accessed 'figment' and 'imagination' from his vocabulary store and then accessed the structure: it+to be+ adverb + article + noun + of + possessive adjective + noun from the grammar store. It is more likely that Ivor has accessed the whole chunk in one go. We have, in Peters' words, in addition to vocabulary and grammar stores, a 'phrasebook with grammatical notes'. Probably, the chunk is stored something like this:
It is/was + (just/only) + a figment of + possessive + imagination
Accessing, in effect, 8 words in one go allows me to speak fluently and to focus on other aspects of the discourse - more comments about Carlos, for example. We can make 2 more points about this example:
* A number of friends and colleagues were asked to give an example of the word 'figment'. They all gave an example which corresponds to our chunk above. When asked to define the word 'figment', hardly anyone could do this accurately. This is an example of how native speakers routinely use chunks without analysing the constituent parts.
* There is nothing intrinsically negative in the dictionary definition of the word 'figment', yet it is always, in my experience, used dismissively or derisively. This is an example of how we store information about a word which goes beyond its simple meaning."
'Collocation' is also included in the term 'lexical chunk', but we refer to it separately from time to time, so we define it as a pair of lexical content words commonly found together. Following this definition, 'basic' + 'principles' is a collocation, but 'look' + 'at' is not because it combines a lexical content word and a grammar function word. Identifying chunks and collocations is often a question of intuition, unless you have access to a corpus.
Here are some examples.
Lexical Chunks (that are not collocations)
by the way
up to now
upside down
If I were you
a long way off
out of my mind
Lexical Chunks (that are collocations)
totally convinced
strong accent
terrible accident
sense of humour
sounds exciting
brings good luck
Principle 1- Grammaticalised lexis
In recent years it has been recognised both that native speakers have a vast stock of these lexical chunks and that these lexical chunks are vital for fluent production. Fluency does not depend so much on having a set of generative grammar rules and a separate stock of words - the 'slot and filler' or open choice principle - as on having rapid access to a stock of chunks:
"It is our ability to use lexical phrases that helps us to speak with fluency. This prefabricated speech has both the advantages of more efficient retrieval and of permitting speakers (and learners) to direct their attention to the larger structure of the discourse, rather than keeping it narrowly focused on individual words as they are produced" (Nattinger and DeCarrico 1992).
The basic principle of the lexical approach, then, is: "Language is grammaticalised lexis, not lexicalised grammar"(Lewis 1993). In other words, lexis is central in creating meaning, grammar plays a subservient managerial role. If you accept this principle then the logical implication is that we should spend more time helping learners develop their stock of phrases, and less time on grammatical structures.
Let's look at an example of lexical chunks or prefabricated speech in action:
Chris: Carlos tells me Naomi fancies him.
Ivor: It's just a figment of his imagination.
According to the theory we have just outlined, it is not the case that Ivor has accessed 'figment' and 'imagination' from his vocabulary store and then accessed the structure: it+to be+ adverb + article + noun + of + possessive adjective + noun from the grammar store. It is more likely that Ivor has accessed the whole chunk in one go. We have, in Peters' words, in addition to vocabulary and grammar stores, a 'phrasebook with grammatical notes'. Probably, the chunk is stored something like this:
It is/was + (just/only) + a figment of + possessive + imagination
Accessing, in effect, 8 words in one go allows me to speak fluently and to focus on other aspects of the discourse - more comments about Carlos, for example. We can make 2 more points about this example:
* A number of friends and colleagues were asked to give an example of the word 'figment'. They all gave an example which corresponds to our chunk above. When asked to define the word 'figment', hardly anyone could do this accurately. This is an example of how native speakers routinely use chunks without analysing the constituent parts.
* There is nothing intrinsically negative in the dictionary definition of the word 'figment', yet it is always, in my experience, used dismissively or derisively. This is an example of how we store information about a word which goes beyond its simple meaning."
gaya hidup sehat
Mungkin gaya hidup sehat
yang benar di pikiran anda yaitu dengan memakan makanan sehat, rutin
berolahraga pagi dan juga tidak merokok. Ya memang, ke tiga elemen tersebut
merupakan beberapa kiat agar seseorang selalu sehat dan bugar di sepanjang
hari. Namun, bukan itu saja, gaya hidup sehat yang dimaksud. Sebab masih ada
berbagai tips gaya hidup sehat yang harus anda praktekkan dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari. Tips kesehatan, Berikut ini gaya hidup sehat untuk mencegah
kematian dini :
1.
Selalu aktif. Dalam
hal ini usahakan untuk tidak sering duduk terlalu lama baik itu di depan
komputer atau menonton acara televisi yang anda sukai. Anda dapat memulainya
dengan mengurangi waktu untuk berlama-lama di depan komputer atau televisi
dengan melakukan aktivitas lainnya yang membuat anda tetap bergerak dan
aktif.
2.
Sinar matahari pagi
sangat baik untuk kesehatan tubuh anda. Ini dikarenakan, dengan terpapar sinar
matahari pagi, maka tubuh akan terpacu untuk memproduksi vitamin D. Vitamin D
pada tubuh memiliki fungsi untuk menangkal penyakit jantung, aneka jenis kanker
dan juga mencegah pengeroposan tulang dini.
3.
Menambah atau
memperbanyak untuk mengkonsumsi buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran sangat baik untuk
menutrisi tubuh anda. Berbagai buah-buahan seperti jeruk, semangka, pepaya,
apel dan lain-lain serta aneka sayuran seperti bayam, sawi dan lain-lain
merupakan buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran yang dimaksud.
4.
Rutin berolahraga
merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat membuat badan anda lebih sehat dan fit
sepanjang hari. Anda dapat memulainya, dengan menyisihkan waktu pagi untuk
berolahraga pagi seperti berjalan, berlari maupun bersepeda santai.
5.
Stop merokok. Ini
merupakan salah gaya hidup sehat yang sulit di lakukan bagi mereka yang
menjadikan kebiasaan merokok sebagai kebutuhan. Tapi tahukah anda, kandungan
rokok sangat tidak bersahabat untuk kesehatan tubuh anda.
6.
Mulai hari anda dengan
tertawa atau tersenyum. Karena aktivitas tersenyum maupun tertawa berdampak
sangat baik untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh serta kesehatan tubuh itu
sendiri. Anda dapat memulainya dengan sering bercanda dengan teman atau
menonton berbagai acara komedi di televisi.
7.
Usahakan untuk
membatasi, mengurangi atau bahkan menghilangkan untuk mengkonsumsi aneka
makanan siap saji. Dengan mulai memasak makanan sendiri, anda akan lebih
mengetahui, apakah makanan yang anda masak baik untuk kesehatan tubuh anda atau
malah berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan tubuh anda.
6 Functions of Indonesian forest
6 Functions
of Indonesian forest
Indonesia is one of countries with the largest forest area in the
world and really need to do the conservation. It also completed with a
management of forests for conservation and ecological balance of the earth
nature. Different types of forests in Indonesia have the following functions.
1.
Prevent erosion and landslides. The roots of the tree serve as a
binder grain of soil. With no forest, no rain fell to the ground but fell to
the leaf surface or absorbed into the ground.
2.
Keeps, organize, maintain supplies of water in the rainy season
also dry season.
3.
Fertilize the soil, as fallen leaves will break down into soil
humus.
4.
As an economic resource. It can be utilized as a result of forest
raw materials or raw materials for industrial and building. For example,
rattan, rubber, and gutta-percha are used for handicrafts and materials of
building.
5.
As a dutfah plasma source for diversity in forest ecosystems that
allow for the development of genetic biodiversity.
6.
Reduce pollution to air pollution. Plants absorb carbon dioxide
and produce oxygen needed by a living.
and finally if we not protect the forest ,it will make big disaster and destroy our home,our family,etc.so we must protect the forest for future generation.
3 Ways to Treat an Air Conditioner in Avoiding Disease
3 Ways to Treat an Air Conditioner in Avoiding
Disease
When you use a home air conditioner, do not forget to take care of
on a regular basis. Because when AC is not treated regularly and carefully, it
will have a bad air and becomes a place to spread the disease. The dirty AC can
store a variety of viruses and bacteria that continuously spread throughout the
room. It also enters into the smell of the inhabitants. As a result, the
occupant will experience pain or repeated infections. The following treatments
below should you do in order to make AC work optimally and be durable.
Do not forget to turn off the AC
When traveling or in a space that is not used, do not forget to turn
off AC. If the air is not too hot, try to shut down about one or two hours a
day. If necessary use a reminder or timer contained in the AC facility. When
the air conditioner is turned off, open the windows and doors widely so that
there is an air exchange.
Clean the AC regularly
Check the filter components on the air conditioning, at least once
a month. A dirty air filter will hinder the air circulation and being a
comfortable place for germs, bacteria, and fungi. Bacteria are what will flow
to the evaporator coil (evaporator coil) and then spread back across the room.
The dirty AC components can affect the performance of the cooling system
becomes more severe, so it does not produce the maximum cold and wasteful.
Selective in use
Minimize the potential health problems with the use of air
conditioning as selective as possible. Because, if in the same room there is a
family member which is sick, viruses and bacteria can be spread through the air
helped. So when a family member is sick with the flu, for example, try using
the AC to a minimum. This advice also applies if there is one family member who
smoked in the room or when the middle of the room and furniture cleaned.
how to solve eating difficulty in children
How to Solve Eating Difficulty
in Children?
Eating
difficulty is an issue that is so fundamental and often case to children.
Sometimes, when a child is so difficult to chew food invited to make us
frustrated. Since then, usually we will try a variety of ways like providing
herbal appetite enhancers and hunting child’s favorite foods every day. The
matters the child eating disorder also intrigued our interest to make an
article about tips to overcome the difficult child to eat. Here are the
details.
Serve
meals with small portions
Maybe
the kid does not like the size of your portions that so reluctant to eat the
food there. Many children are ilfeel after seeing a sizable portion. So, try to
give a little so that they can eat faster and do not get bored in spend food.
Get together with family
Do
not let children eat alone and we need to create an atmosphere of togetherness
when the child was time to eat. For example, you and your husband are on the
table then eat foods together. With the atmosphere of togetherness, then the
child’s appetite will occur slowly.
Provide healthy snacks
One
of the things that concern by parents is the development of the child if he did
not want to eat. Of course, when children are fussy eaters then its growth will
be stunted and not as friends. One of the best ways to keep it is to try to
give nutritional healthy snack. Give interesting snacks such as nuts, dried
fruits, and nutritious bread.
Variety of food and a nice appearance
Perhaps,
he needs a variety of foods that your appetite he has incurred. For example,
you could give spinach on the first day, broccoli on the second day, and
chicken-based dishes in the next day. Variety of foods is a very important
thing to prevent children from boredom and the desire not to eat.
However,
there is one more thing that could trigger a child’s appetite, which is an
interesting food dish. For example, you can cook carrots to form a star or a
unique object. Children will be attracted by the shape and believed to increase
appetite. Hopefully, some difficulty eating kids tips above can help you.
pengertian dari kerangka karangan
Kerangka karangan (outline) rencana penulisan yang memuat
garis-garis besar dari suatu karangan yang akan digarap (dikerjakan), dan
merupakan rangakaian ide-ide atau isi pikirannya yang disusun secara
sistematis,logis, jelas, terstruktur dan teratur. Kerangka karangan menjamin
suatu penyusun yang logis dan teratur, serta penulis dapat membedakan mana yang
gagasan utama dan mana yang termasuk gagasan tambahan, kerangka karangan dapat
membentuk catatan-catatan sederhana, tetapi dapat juga berbentuk pendektail dan
kerja dengan sangat cermat.
Tujuan dari pembuatan ouline atau kerangka karangan adalah
agar kita dapat membuat kerangka karangan yang baik, benar dan logis, kita
dapat membedakan mana yang gagasan utama dan mana yang termasuk gagasan
tambahan dan kita juga menghindari penggarapan sebuah topik sampai dua kali
atau lebih.
Manfaat dari penulisan kerangka karangan adalah :
a. Untuk menjamin penulisan bersifat konseptual, menyeluruh, dan
terarah.
b. Untuk menyusun karangan secara teratur. Kerangka karangan membantu
penulis untuk melihat gagasan-gagasan sehingga dapat dipastikan apakah hubungan
dari gagasan-gagasan tersebut sudah tepat dan apakah penyajian gagasan tersebut
sudah baik.
c. Memudahkan penulis untuk menciptakan klimaks yang berbeda-beda.
Tujuannya agar pembaca dapat terpikat secara terus menerus maka penyusuna
klimaksnya harus diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga tercapai klimaks yang
berbeda-beda dan pembaca pun semakin berminat membaca tulisan tersebut.
d. Menghindari penulisan topik ganda (dua kali atau lebih). Penulisan
topic dua kali atau lebih membawa pengaruh yang kurang baik. Selain membuang
waktu, tenaga dan materi, juga dapat membuat pembaca bosan. Untuk itu apabila
tidak dapat dihindari, maka penulis harus menetapkan pada bagian mana topic
akan diuraikan, sedangkan di bagian lainnya hanya ditambahkan unsure-unsur
tambahannya saja.
e. Memudahkan penulis mencari materi pembantu. Dengan menggunakan
rincian-rincian dari kerangka karangan, penulis dapat dengan mudah mencari
data-data untuk memperjelas atau membuktikan pendapatnya.
Kerangka karangan merupakan miniatur atau prototype dari sebuah
karangan. Dalam bentuk miniatur ini, kerangka karangan dapat diteliti,
dianalisisdan dipertimbangakan secara menyeluruh, bukan terlepas-lepas.
Suatu kerangka yang baik tidak sekali dibuat. Penulisan dalam
menyusun kerangka karangan selalu berusaha menyempurnakan bentuk yang pertama.
Langkah ini tidak mutlak harus di ikuti oleh penulis-penulis yang sudah mahir,
orang yang mahir menulis tulisan-tulisan yang kompleks atau dengan mudah
menyusun kerangka karangan.
Langkah-langkah untuk menyusun kerangka karangan adalah sebagai
berikut :
a) Rumusan Tema / masalah yang jelas berdasarkan suatu topik dan
tujuan yang akan dicapai melalui topik tersebut. tema yang dirumuskan untuk
kepentingan suatu kerangka karangan haruslah berbentuk tesis atau pengungkapan
maksud.
b) Langkah yang kedua adalah melakukan inventarisasi atau
mengumpulkan topik-topik bawahannya yang dianggap merupakan perincian dari
tesis atau pengungkapan maksud tadi. Dalam hal ini penulisan boleh mencatat
sebanyak-banyaknya tipik-topik yang terlintas dalam pikirannya, dengan tidak
perlu langsung mengadakan evaluasi terhadap topik-topik tadi.
c) Langkah yang ketiga adalah penulis berusaha mengadakan evaluasi
pada semua topik yang telah dicatat pada langkah kedua diatas.
d) Untuk mendapatkan kerangka karangan yang sangat rinci maka
langkah kedua dan ketiga hendaknya dilakukan berulang-ulang untuk menyusun
topic yang lebih rendah tingkatannya.
e) Apabila semuanya sudah dilaksanakan maka ada satu langkah
terakhir yang harus dilakukan, yaitu menentukan pola susunan yang paling sesuai
untuk mengurutkan semua rincian dari tesis yang telah diperoleh dengan
menggunakan semua langkah diatas. Dengan pola susunan tersebut maka akan
diperoleh susunan kerangka karangan yang baik.
Untuk memperoleh suatu susunan kerangka karangan yang baik dan
teratur biasanya digunakan beberapa tipe susunan, yaitu tipe pola alamiah dan
pola logis.
A. Pola Alamiah
Susunan atau pola alamiah adalah suatu urutan unit-unit kerangka
karangan sesuai dengan keadaan yang nyata di alam, sebab itu susunan alamiah
itu didasarkan pada ketiga atau keempat dimensi dalam kehidupan manusia : atas
– bawah, melintang – menyebrang, sekarang – nanti, ,dulu - sekarang, timur –
barat, dan sebagainya. Oleh sebab itu susunan alamiah dapat dibagi menjadi tiga
bagian utama yaitu :
a. Urutan waktu atau urutan
kronologis
b. Urutan ruang (sposial)
c. Topik yang ada
B. Pola Logis
Manusia mempunyai suatu
kesanggupan dimana manusia lebih sempurna dari makhluk yang lain, yaitu sanggup
menghadapi segala sesuatu yang berada di sekitarnya dengan kemampuan akal
budinya. Urutan logis sama sekali tidak ada hubungannya dengan suatu ciri yang
intern dalam materinya, tetapi kiat dengan tanggapan penulis.
Macam-macam, urutan logis
yang dikenal adalah :
a) Urutan klimaks dan anti
klimaks
b) Urutan kausal
c) Urutan pemisahan masalah
d) Urutan umum – khusus
e) Urutan familitas
f) Urutan akseptabilitas
Kerangka karangan hendaknya
disusun secara baik dan benar. Adapun syarat-syarat penyusunan kerangka yang
baik dan benar.
Syarat-syarat penulisan
kerangka karangan yang baik, adalah :
a) Tesis atau pengungkapan
maksud harus jelas. Pilihlah topik yang khas atau unik, kemudian tentukan
tujuan yang jelas. Lalu buatlah tesis atau pengungkapan maksud.
b) Tiap unsur dalam
kerangka karanga hanya mengandung satu gagasan. Bila satu unit terdapat lebih
dari satu gagasan, maka gagasan tersebut harus dirinci supaya dapat terlihat
perbedaanya.
c) Pokok-pokok dalam
kerangka karangan harus disusun secara logis, sehingga idea tau pikiran yang
dimaksud dapat tergambar secara jelas.
d) Harus mempergunakan
pasangan simbul yang konsisten.
Setiap penulisan suatu
karangan maka kita memerlukan penyusunan kerangka karangan. Tujuannya agar
mempermudah dalam pembuatan karangan yang teratur, logis dan sistematis. Setiap
membuat kerangka karangan harus melalui tahap atau langkah-langkah agar rencana
pembuatannya bisa teratur dan mudah sehingga memudahkan penulis untuk membuat
kerangka karangan tersebut. Kerangka karangan secara garis besar suatu rencana
yang memuat garis-garis besar dan suatu karangan yang akan dikerjakan. Agar
dalam pembuatan tidak terjadi penggarapan sebuah topik sampai dua kali atau
lebih sehingga kita perlu mengevaluasi setiap topik yang akan kita kerjakan.
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